The Summer season in Haryana typically falls from April to June. During this time, the weather can get quite hot, with temperatures often reaching above 40°C.

In Haryana, the summer season generally lasts from April to June. During this period, the state experiences high temperatures, often ranging between 35°C to 45°C or even higher in some areas. This intense heat is a characteristic feature of the Indian subcontinent's summer months.

The peak heat usually occurs in May and June, with the temperature sometimes touching extreme levels. The hot weather is coupled with dry conditions, and occasional dust storms may also occur. This is why the months of April to June are considered the summer season in Haryana.

After June, the monsoon season begins, bringing a drop in temperature and rainfall, which leads to the cooling down of the atmosphere.

Climate in Haryana

Haryana has a semi-arid climate, which means it doesn't receive as much rainfall as coastal areas, and the temperatures can get quite extreme. The state's climate is mainly influenced by its location in the northwestern part of India, near the Thar Desert and the Himalayan foothills.

Summer Season (April to June)

• April: The weather starts heating up in April. Daytime temperatures can climb to around 30°C to 38°C. Nights are usually a bit cooler but still warm.

• May: May is generally the hottest month. Temperatures frequently reach 40°C to 45°C or even higher, with very little relief at night. It's often marked by dry, scorching heat. In some parts of Haryana, temperatures can even cross 45°C.

• June: This month continues the intense heat. However, by the end of June, the monsoon season starts to approach, which means the heat can start to subside towards the end of the month as the first rains begin to cool things down.

Factors Contributing to Summer Heat:

1. Proximity to the Thar Desert: Haryana is close to the Thar Desert, which means it experiences intense heat during summer. The desert’s dry conditions exacerbate the heat.

2. Low Rainfall: Summer in Haryana usually coincides with the pre-monsoon period, so rainfall is very low during these months. This leads to hot, dry conditions.

3. Humidity: While the region is dry, areas near rivers or wetlands (like the Yamuna River) can have higher humidity levels. Still, the temperature often outweighs the humidity, making it feel even hotter.

Hence option A is correct answer.

The correct answer is "All of the above."

1. Difference in Rainfall: Seasonal changes in rainfall affect the amount of moisture in the air and the temperature. Rainfall during certain times of the year, like the monsoon season, can cool down the atmosphere, while dry periods can lead to temperature extremes.

2. Difference in Humidity: Humidity levels fluctuate between seasons. Higher humidity can make temperatures feel warmer, while lower humidity can contribute to cooler conditions, especially during winter months when the air is drier.

3. Lack of Sunshine: In winter, the region experiences shorter days and less sunlight, which means less heat is absorbed by the ground, leading to cooler temperatures.

Why All of These Contribute to Temperature Falls:

When these factors combine in the winter months, the result is a drastic temperature drop:

• Clear Skies + No Rain: Without clouds to trap heat, and with no rain to cool the air, the heat accumulated during the day escapes quickly at night.
• Low Humidity + Dry Air: Low humidity means less moisture to retain heat, allowing rapid cooling of both the atmosphere and the ground.
• Shorter Days: The shorter days mean less time for the Earth’s surface to warm up, contributing to cooler daytime and nighttime temperatures.

All of these elements together explain why Haryana experiences cold temperatures, particularly in winter, when the combination of reduced sunshine, lower humidity, and the absence of rainfall make the climate much cooler.

Hence option D is correct answer.

From July to mid-September, Haryana experiences the Rainy season (also known as the monsoon season). During this time, the region receives heavy rainfall due to the southwest monsoon winds.

In Haryana, the period from July to mid-September corresponds to the monsoon season, which is a part of the Rainy season in India.

• Monsoon winds: The southwest monsoon winds begin to arrive in India around June and last until September. These winds bring moisture from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, which results in heavy rainfall in many parts of India, including Haryana.
• Rainfall: The monsoon rains in Haryana typically start around early July and continue through to September. During this period, the state receives the majority of its annual rainfall, which is crucial for agriculture and water supply.

Thus, from July to mid-September, Haryana experiences the Rainy season, which is characterized by high humidity and significant rainfall. This is different from the Summer season (March to June) when temperatures are high and the Winter season (November to February) when temperatures drop.
Let me break it down a bit more:

1. Monsoon (Rainy Season) Characteristics:

• The monsoon season in India is a result of the monsoon winds that blow across the country. These winds bring moisture from the oceans and cause rainfall.
• In Haryana, the monsoon season starts around June and continues until September. However, the most significant rainfall occurs from July to mid-September, which is when the state experiences its peak monsoon activity.

2. Monsoon Winds and Rainfall:

• The southwest monsoon winds bring moisture-laden air from the Arabian Sea. As these winds travel over land, they cool and condense, forming clouds and resulting in rain.
• The monsoon rains in Haryana are vital for the region's agriculture, especially for crops like rice, cotton, sugarcane, and maize, which depend heavily on water.

From July to mid-September, Haryana experiences the Rainy season (Monsoon) due to the south-west monsoon winds that bring moisture, resulting in high humidity and heavy rainfall. This period is essential for agriculture in Haryana but can also lead to challenges like floods and waterlogging in some areas.

Hence option A is correct.